Archive for December 2016

What kind(s) of identification are at work in the following statement by Josh Boyd: The review session is the night before the exam to help prevent any confusion or uncertainty heading into the midterm.

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What kind(s) of identification are at work in the following statement by Josh Boyd: The review session is the night before the exam to help prevent any confusion or uncertainty heading into the midterm.





a. Association
b. Dissociation
c. Transcendent "we"
d. Dissociation AND transcendent "we"
e. Association AND transcendent "we"







Answer: B

After the removal of Vioxx (a pain reliever linked to heart attacks) from the market, some people began wondering if any strange feeling after taking any other pain reliever might be a dangerous side effect of the pain reliever. Because other such drug side effects have not been supported by research, these attributions are probably committing which fallacy?

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After the removal of Vioxx (a pain reliever linked to heart attacks) from the market, some people began wondering if any strange feeling after taking any other pain reliever might be a dangerous side effect of the pain reliever. Because other such drug side effects have not been supported by research, these attributions are probably committing which fallacy?





a. Pooh-poohing
b. Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
c. Ad hoc
d. Selected instances
e. Red herring







Answer: B

Which of the following is the best critical claim about the text defined as Miller Park in Milwaukee (named by the Miller Brewing Company)?

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Which of the following is the best critical claim about the text defined as Miller Park in Milwaukee (named by the Miller Brewing Company)?





a. Miller Park opened in Milwaukee in 2001.
b. Miller Park, in its very name, implies that the city of Milwaukee has a close and symbiotic relationship with beer brewing.
c. Miller Park is the result of a $40 million deal between the Milwaukee Brewers and Miller Brewing Company.
d. Though Miller Park today hosts the Milwaukee Brewers of baseball's American League, the Milwaukee Brewers used to be a National League team.







Answer: B

Cooperstown may have to wait a little while for Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens to arrive. (Note: Cooperstown, New York, is the home of the Baseball Hall of Fame. Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens are record-setting baseball players who are both suspected of using performance-enhancing drugs.) The word in bold is best described as an example of:

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Cooperstown may have to wait a little while for Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens to arrive. (Note: Cooperstown, New York, is the home of the Baseball Hall of Fame. Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens are record-setting baseball players who are both suspected of using performance-enhancing drugs.) The word in bold is best described as an example of:





a. chiasmus
b. metonymy
c. metaphor
d. enthymeme
e. assonance







Answer: B

Identify the option most appropriately labeled a "critical claim":

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Identify the option most appropriately labeled a "critical claim":




A. The presidential dollar coin is gold in color.
B. The presidential dollar coin is no longer made for circulation.
C. The presidential dollar coin reinforces the idea that only men can be presidents.
D. The presidential dollar coin is produced simultaneously with the Sacajawea dollar.
E. The presidential dollar coin hasn't replaced the paper dollar in circulation.








Answer: C

Of the following options, which best describes what the term "rhetorical" can be applied to?

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Of the following options, which best describes what the term "rhetorical" can be applied to?





a. Anything that uses symbols
b. Anything that uses symbols for a particular purpose with a particular audience
c. Anything that is a communication artifact that can be studied
d. Anything that is able to be interpreted
e. Anything that uses language to send a message









Answer: B

What did Burke argue about the places of form and information in argument?

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What did Burke argue about the places of form and information in argument?





A. That form should be emphasized above information because of its ability to create true eloquence.
B. That form and information are, paradoxically, unrelated.
C. That form and information are part of a broader metaphor of rhetoric.
D. That form is in danger of being overwhelmed by information.
E. That information is a source of repeated enjoyment, while form brings only one-time enjoyment.






Answer: D

Imagine a feature film that promotes euthanasia as a viable, humane, and moral option for ending human suffering. The main character of the film (who will ultimately kill his terminally ill wife to end her suffering) is portrayed as a kind person who has done many good things for his neighbors and never speaks a harsh word to anyone. He stops to help injured animals, and one of the other characters in the movie says he "wouldn't hurt a flea." What sort of Aristotelian "proof" is the movie providing for its argument about euthanasia through this main character?

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Imagine a feature film that promotes euthanasia as a viable, humane, and moral option for ending human suffering. The main character of the film (who will ultimately kill his terminally ill wife to end her suffering) is portrayed as a kind person who has done many good things for his neighbors and never speaks a harsh word to anyone. He stops to help injured animals, and one of the other characters in the movie says he "wouldn't hurt a flea." What sort of Aristotelian "proof" is the movie providing for its argument about euthanasia through this main character?




A. pathos
B. ethos
C. logos
D. epideictic
E. deliberative







Answer: B

Which of the following technologies would be of most concern to Burke, given his worries about form and information?

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Which of the following technologies would be of most concern to Burke, given his worries about form and information?





a. Microsoft Word, which allows people to compose original texts
b. Cell phones, which allow people to be more accessible to communication
c. The laptop computer, which makes information portable
d. Microsoft PowerPoint, which presents ideas as short bullet points
e. Blogs, which allow many different perspectives to be shared online







Answer: D

Imagine that you wanted to critique a "Purdue home basketball game" as a text. Based on our use of the word "text" in this class, what would be the best way (both specific and comprehensive) to define your text?

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Imagine that you wanted to critique a "Purdue home basketball game" as a text. Based on our use of the word "text" in this class, what would be the best way (both specific and comprehensive) to define your text?





a. All of the symbols involved in the game, for the time period from tipoff to 0:00 on the clock at the end.
b. All of the words spoken or written in the official game and arena, including names on jerseys, words painted on the court, announcer commentaries, words on Paint Crew t-shirts, and scoreboard information. If something that is part of the game does not use words, however, it is outside the scope of what can be analyzed as text.
c. The whole atmosphere of the game.
d. The symbols that define the game, including but not limited to the arena itself, the variety of fans and their attire, uniforms, the court, public announcements, scoreboard words and symbols, and the actions in the game itself.
e. Articles in the newspaper on game day and the day after.










Answer: D

Because 30-second TV ads make claims but don't have to offer real proof or evidence (depending to a large degree on simple brand recognition), who would be most likely to critique television advertising as having a shallowness typical of rhetoric?

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Because 30-second TV ads make claims but don't have to offer real proof or evidence (depending to a large degree on simple brand recognition), who would be most likely to critique television advertising as having a shallowness typical of rhetoric?




a. Plato
b. Aristotle
c. Cicero
d. Quintilian
e. Burke









Answer: A

How is the first unit of the course (critical questions) related to the second (rhetoric)?

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How is the first unit of the course (critical questions) related to the second (rhetoric)?





a. "Rhetoric" and "critical questions" are essentially the same thing.
b. Both of these units are a separate kind of work than the third unit to come: qualitative research methods.
c. "Critical questions" and "rhetoric" can be applied to everything.
d. A rhetorical method involves asking a lot of critical questions; the ability to ask critical questions is a basis upon which an understanding of rhetoric can be built.
e. Critical questions are easy to compose; rhetoric is more difficult, and the third unit (qualitative research methods) is more difficult still.








Answer: D

The goal of invitational rhetoric is to

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The goal of invitational rhetoric is to





a. provide a forum for discussion of differing perspectives
b. provide a balance to masculine, patriarchal rhetoric
c. allow people to work in small groups toward consensus
d. change and control audiences by altering their perspectives
e. persuade your audience that you genuinely share the same interests





Answer: B

If "time is money" but the relationship within a metaphor is only partial, then which of the following is true?

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If "time is money" but the relationship within a metaphor is only partial, then which of the following is true?






a. You can invest time in your education and that investment will pay off in the future.
b. You can put time in a Money Market account and gain interest.
c. You can get a time mortgage that gives you extra time right now in exchange for time payments for the next several years.
d. If you are rich enough, you will never run out of time.
e. If you are too poor, you just don't have time for anything.







Answer: A

If someone needs to compose a political/legislative appeal, what does that mean?

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If someone needs to compose a political/legislative appeal, what does that mean?




a. The person will suggest that something should or should not be done in the future.
b. The person will focus on the facts and the role of justice.
c. The person will praise or blame someone or something.
d. The person will focus on the deeds of the subject.
e. The person will create an apologia for the future.








Answer: A

Though several of these metaphors might be present in the allegory, which metaphor below is most important in the "Allegory of the Cave?"

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Though several of these metaphors might be present in the allegory, which metaphor below is most important in the "Allegory of the Cave?"




a. Knowledge is power; ignorance is weakness.
b. Ignorance is bliss; knowledge is a curse.
c. Good is up; bad is down.
d. Ignorance is dark; knowledge is light.
e. Knowledge is up; ignorance is down.






Answer: D

Suppose Dave, a COM 204 student, bought a good luck charm yesterday. Today, Dave aces this exam. If Dave concludes that the good luck charm caused him to do well, what type of fallacy is he committing?

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Suppose Dave, a COM 204 student, bought a good luck charm yesterday. Today, Dave aces this exam. If Dave concludes that the good luck charm caused him to do well, what type of fallacy is he committing?





a. Selected instances
b. Reductio ad absurdum
c. Red herring
d. Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
e. Straw person








Answer: D

Which of the following groupings contains terms with the most similarity?

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Which of the following groupings contains terms with the most similarity?




a. Artistic proofs, types of identification, rhetorical devices
b. Rhetorical situation, metonymy, dialogue
c. Rhetoric, argument, association
d. Association, dissociation, consociation
e. Invitational rhetoric, dialectic, feminist approaches to rhetoric








Answer: E

Jim knows that Wendy has great fashion sense. He wants to impress her so that she'll like him, and so he puts these two things together. One day they're having lunch together and he points out a woman across the room: "Look at how tacky that dress looks on her! No one should be seen wearing something that awful." Wendy laughed and agreed. From a communication perspective, what was Jim doing?

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Jim knows that Wendy has great fashion sense. He wants to impress her so that she'll like him, and so he puts these two things together. One day they're having lunch together and he points out a woman across the room: "Look at how tacky that dress looks on her! No one should be seen wearing something that awful." Wendy laughed and agreed. From a communication perspective, what was Jim doing?




a. Using nonartistic proofs
b. Using identification by dissociation
c. Using the tacky dress as metonymy
d. Using an enthymeme so Wendy will think he's witty
e. Using a metaphor about dressing for success







Answer: B

Many people enjoy watching holiday classics like Miracle on 34th Street or Christmas Vacation every year, even though they have seen the movies many times before. If people continue to watch a movie even though they know the plot, what does that suggest about the movie, according to Burke?

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Many people enjoy watching holiday classics like Miracle on 34th Street or Christmas Vacation every year, even though they have seen the movies many times before. If people continue to watch a movie even though they know the plot, what does that suggest about the movie, according to Burke?




a. It pays attention to information.
b. It pays attention to the "yellow brick road" metaphor.
c. It pays attention to form.
d. It pays attention to identification by association.
e. It pays attention to its "universal audience."






Answer: C

If "time is money" but the relationship within a metaphor is only partial, then which of the following is true?

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If "time is money" but the relationship within a metaphor is only partial, then which of the following is true?




a. You can invest time in your education and that investment will pay off in the future.
b. You can put time in a Money Market account and gain interest.
c. You can get a time mortgage that gives you extra time right now in exchange for time payments for the next several years.
d. If you are rich enough, you will never run out of time.
e. If you are too poor, you just don't have time for anything.








Answer: A

Think about the holiday Halloween, and consider a neighborhood trick-or-treating event (where children dress up in costume, go from house to house saying, "Trick or treat!", and receive candy) as a text. Which of the following is the strongest critical claim?

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Think about the holiday Halloween, and consider a neighborhood trick-or-treating event (where children dress up in costume, go from house to house saying, "Trick or treat!", and receive candy) as a text. Which of the following is the strongest critical claim?







a. Trick-or-treating demonstrates that kids like candy.
b. The anonymity of costumes is an interesting characteristic of trick-or-treating.
c. Trick-or-treating today is more about "treats" and hardly about "tricks" at all; the old practice of minor vandalism if a house didn't provide candy doesn't happen much anymore.
d. Trick-or-treating enables children to overcome fears by "softening" the scariness of Halloween and creepy costumes with a fun, safe experience.
e. "Trick-or-treating" as a text includes costumes, the association with Halloween, the candy, and the interactions between costumed children and non-costumed adults.







Answer: E

Aristotle described ceremonial/epideictic rhetoric as that which does not require judgment on the part of the audience. What is The New Rhetoric's approach to ceremonial rhetoric?

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Aristotle described ceremonial/epideictic rhetoric as that which does not require judgment on the part of the audience. What is The New Rhetoric's approach to ceremonial rhetoric?




a. The same as Aristotle's.
b. It only addressed invitational rhetoric, not ceremonial rhetoric.
c. It argued that ceremonial rhetoric is a fitting foundation for persuasion.
d. It argued that ceremonial rhetoric actually fits better with Plato's ideas about rhetoric.
e. It only addressed rhetorical situations, not ceremonial rhetoric.








Answer: C

Some political leaders have tremendous skill at inspiring their followers, especially followers from the same political party. During a recent government shutdown, several of these leaders continued to talk and inspire their followers, even as the government remained shut down. Given this state of affairs, which of the rhetorical theorists we have studied is having his pessimistic perspective on rhetoric confirmed, and what is a word he might use (consistent with his writing) to describe the "skills" of the politicians who continued to talk without actually getting results?

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Some political leaders have tremendous skill at inspiring their followers, especially followers from the same political party. During a recent government shutdown, several of these leaders continued to talk and inspire their followers, even as the government remained shut down. Given this state of affairs, which of the rhetorical theorists we have studied is having his pessimistic perspective on rhetoric confirmed, and what is a word he might use (consistent with his writing) to describe the "skills" of the politicians who continued to talk without actually getting results?




a. Plato/metonymy
b. Aristotle/flattery
c. Cicero/knack
d. Aristotle/knack
e. Plato/knack










Answer: E

Purdue's new budget can't really be explored until Indianapolis (Indiana's capital and the home of the state legislature) lets the university know how much state money it can count on. What rhetorical figure is present in this sentence?

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Purdue's new budget can't really be explored until Indianapolis (Indiana's capital and the home of the state legislature) lets the university know how much state money it can count on. What rhetorical figure is present in this sentence?




a. Dialectic
b. Metonymy
c. Assonance
d. Consubstantiality
e. Metaphor








Answer: B

If a sales department supervisor is held accountable by a middle manager for the department's performance, on whom is the department supervisor dependent in making this performance possible?

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If a sales department supervisor is held accountable by a middle manager for the department's performance, on whom is the department supervisor dependent in making this performance possible?




(a) Board of directors
(b) Top management
(c) Customers or clients
(d) Department salespersons








Answer: D

Corporations, for tax purposes may decide to keep their profits in a foreign country or to transfer them to their corporate headquarters in their home country. The decision of what to do is often a matter of ______________.

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Corporations, for tax purposes may decide to keep their profits in a foreign country or to transfer them to their corporate headquarters in their home country. The decision of what to do is often a matter of ______________.



a) national interest

b) currency risks

c) banking practices

d) competitive actions







Answer: B

The concept that corporations should participate in development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is called ______________.

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The concept that corporations should participate in development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is called ______________.




a) environmental protection

b) green development

c) sustainable development

d) environmental absolutism






Answer: C

The role of a metabolite that controls a repressible operon is to

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The role of a metabolite that controls a repressible operon is to 




A) bind to the promoter region and decrease the affinity of RNA polymerase for the promoter.
B) bind to the operator region and block the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter.
C) increase the production of inactive repressor proteins.
D) bind to the repressor protein and inactivate it.
E) bind to the repressor protein and activate it.






Answer: E

Sutherland discovered that epinephrine signals

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Sutherland discovered that epinephrine signals 




A) a decrease in levels of cAMP as a result of bypassing the plasma membrane.
B) lower blood glucose by binding to liver cells.
C) interactions with insulin inside muscle cells.
D) interactions directly with glycogen phosphorylase.
E) elevation of cytosolic concentrations of cyclic AMP.





Answer: E

In general, a signal transmitted via phosphorylation of a series of proteins

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In general, a signal transmitted via phosphorylation of a series of proteins 





A) brings a conformational change to each protein.
B) requires binding of a hormone to a cytosol receptor.
C) cannot occur in yeasts because they lack protein phosphatases.
D) requires phosphorylase activity.
E) allows target cells to change their shape and therefore their activity.








Answer: A

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are found at high levels on various cancer cells. A protein, Herceptin, has been found to bind to an RTK known as HER2. This information can now be utilized in breast cancer treatment if which of the following is true?

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Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are found at high levels on various cancer cells. A protein, Herceptin, has been found to bind to an RTK known as HER2. This information can now be utilized in breast cancer treatment if which of the following is true? 






A) If Herceptin is found in the breast lymph nodes of the patient.
B) If HER2, administered by injection, is in sufficient concentration.
C) If the patient's cancer cells have detectable HER2.
D) If the patient's genome codes for the HER2 receptor.
E) If the patient's genome codes for the manufacture of Herceptin.






Answer: C

Since steroid receptors are located intracellularly, which of the following is true?

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Since steroid receptors are located intracellularly, which of the following is true? 






A) The receptor molecules are themselves lipids or glycolipids.
B) The steroid/receptor complex can cross the nuclear membrane.
C) The unbound steroid receptors are quickly recycled by lysosomes.
D) The concentration of steroid receptors must be relatively high in most cells.
E) The receptor molecules are free to move in and out of most organelles.






Answer: B

Because most receptors are membrane proteins, which of the following is usually true?

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Because most receptors are membrane proteins, which of the following is usually true? 





A) They lead to changes in intracellular ion concentration.
B) They open and close in response to protein signals.
C) They are only attached to one membrane surface: exterior or interior.
D) They preferentially bind with lipid or glycolipid signal molecules.
E) They change their conformation after binding with signal polypeptides.






Answer: E

One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane reacts by forming dimers, adding phosphate groups, and then activating relay proteins. Which type does this?

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One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane reacts by forming dimers, adding phosphate groups, and then activating relay proteins. Which type does this? 






A) G protein-coupled receptors
B) ligand-gated ion channels
C) steroid receptors
D) receptor tyrosine kinases




Answer: D

Which of the following is true of transcription factors?

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Which of the following is true of transcription factors? 






A) They regulate the synthesis of DNA in response to a signal.
B) They transcribe ATP into cAMP.
C) They initiate the epinephrine response in animal cells.
D) They control gene expression.
E) They regulate the synthesis of lipids in the cytoplasm.






Answer: D

Testosterone functions inside a cell by

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Testosterone functions inside a cell by 






A) acting as a signal receptor that activates tyrosine kinases.
B) binding with a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates specific genes.
C) acting as a steroid signal receptor that activates ion channel proteins.
D) becoming a second messenger that inhibits adenylyl cyclase.
E) coordinating a phosphorylation cascade that increases spermatogenesis.








Answer: B

Which of the following is true for the signaling system in an animal cell that lacks the ability to produce GTP?

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Which of the following is true for the signaling system in an animal cell that lacks the ability to produce GTP? 






A) It would not be able to activate and inactivate the G protein on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.
B) It could activate only the epinephrine system.
C) It would be able to carry out reception and transduction but would not be able to respond to a signal.
D) It would use ATP instead of GTP to activate and inactivate the G protein on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.
E) It would employ a transduction pathway directly from an external messenger.





Answer: A

Of the following, a receptor protein in a membrane that recognizes a chemical signal is most similar to

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Of the following, a receptor protein in a membrane that recognizes a chemical signal is most similar to 





A) the active site of an allosteric enzyme that binds to a specific substrate.
B) tRNA specifying which amino acids are in a polypeptide.
C) a metabolic pathway operating within a specific organelle.
D) an enzyme having an optimum pH and temperature for activity.
E) an antibody in the immune system.






Answer: A

In an experiment to track the movement of growth factor molecules from secretion to the point of receptor binding in a particular species of mammal, a student found a 20-fold reduction in mm traveled when in the presence of an adrenal hormone. This is in part attributable to which of the following?

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In an experiment to track the movement of growth factor molecules from secretion to the point of receptor binding in a particular species of mammal, a student found a 20-fold reduction in mm traveled when in the presence of an adrenal hormone. This is in part attributable to which of the following? 






A) The growth factor is a paracrine signal.
B) The growth factor depends on osmosis.
C) The mammal only carries growth factor through the lymph.
D) The growth factor is an exocrine signal.
E) The growth factor is an endocrine signal.




Answer: A

In which of the following ways do plant hormones differ from hormones in animals?

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In which of the following ways do plant hormones differ from hormones in animals? 






A) Plant hormones interact primarily with intracellular receptors.
B) Plant hormones may travel in air or through vascular systems.
C) Animal hormones are found in much greater concentration.
D) Plant hormones are synthesized from two or more distinct molecules.
E) Animal hormones are primarily for mating and embryonic development.






Answer: B

In yeast signal transduction, the yeast cells

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In yeast signal transduction, the yeast cells 






A) must physically and directly interact.
B) produce signal molecules that change themselves so they can interact with one another.
C) produce response molecules that diffuse to other yeast cells.
D) secrete molecules that result in response by other yeast cells.
E) mate, after which the new cells secrete hybrid signals.





Answer: D

In the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell signaling serves which function?

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In the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell signaling serves which function? 





A) formation of mating complexes
B) secretion of apoptotic signals
C) aggregation of bacteria that can cause cavities
D) secretion of substances that inhibit foreign bacteria
E) digestion of unwanted parasite populations







Answer: C

Which of the following is characterized by a cell releasing a signal molecule into the environment, followed by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity responding?

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Which of the following is characterized by a cell releasing a signal molecule into the environment, followed by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity responding? 





A) hormonal signaling
B) autocrine signaling
C) paracrine signaling
D) endocrine signaling
E) synaptic signaling






Answer: C

Which of the following is a likely explanation of why naural selection favored the evolution of signals for sexual reproduction?

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Which of the following is a likely explanation of why naural selection favored the evolution of signals for sexual reproduction? 





A) Even in the simplest organisms, sexual reproduction required several coordinated responses by cells.
B) Multicellular eukaryotes required signals that were responded to by multiple organ systems.
C) Cells of several kinds of mating types needed to sort themselves to allow self-recognition.
D) Rooted plants required chemical diffusible signals that could travel throughout the organism.
E) Hormones required a mechanism for introducing changes in their target tissues.





Answer: A

What is most likely to happen to an animal's target cells that lack receptors for local regulators?

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What is most likely to happen to an animal's target cells that lack receptors for local regulators? 





A) They might compensate by receiving nutrients via a factor.
B) They could develop normally in response to neurotransmitters instead.
C) They could divide but never reach full size.
D) They might not be able to multiply in response to growth factors from nearby cells.
E) Hormones would not be able to interact with target cells.





Answer: D

Using the yeast signal transduction pathways, both types of mating cells release the mating factors. These factors bind to specific receptors on the correct cells,

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Using the yeast signal transduction pathways, both types of mating cells release the mating factors. These factors bind to specific receptors on the correct cells, 






A) which induce changes in the cells that lead to cell fusion.
B) which produce more of the a factor in a positive feedback.
C) then one cell nucleus binds the mating factors and produces a new nucleus in the opposite cell.
D) stimulating cell membrane disintegration, releasing the mating factors that lead to new yeast cells.
E) which in turn releases a growth factor that stimulates mitosis in both cells.






Answer: A

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

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Which process is most directly driven by light energy? 





A) creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane
B) carbon fixation in the stroma
C) reduction of NADP? molecules
D) removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules
E) ATP synthesis






Answer: D

In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to

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In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to 




A) substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis.
B) oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.
C) the Calvin cycle.
D) carbon fixation.
E) reduction of NADP?.







Answer: B

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

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Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?





A) Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment.
B) Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs.
C) Only heterotrophs have mitochondria.
D) Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic.
E) Only heterotrophs require oxygen.






Answer: D

How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?

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How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?






A) In both cases, only photosystem I is used.
B) Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle.
C) In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.
D) Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark.
E) In both cases, thylakoids are not involved in photosynthesis.





Answer: C

A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. If the power fails and the lights go dark, what will happen to CO2 levels?

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A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide.
If the power fails and the lights go dark, what will happen to CO2 levels? 






A) CO2 will rise as a result of both animal and plant respiration.
B) CO2 will rise as a result of animal respiration only.
C) CO2 will remain balanced because plants will continue to fix CO2 in the dark.
D) CO2 will fall because plants will increase CO2 fixation.
E) CO2 will fall because plants will cease to respire in the dark.







Answer: A

A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure?

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A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide.
Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure? 






A) full-spectrum white light
B) green light
C) a mixture of blue and red light
D) yellow light
E) UV light





Answer: C

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict?

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Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict?





A) There would be no difference in results.
B) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments.
C) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.
D) The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.
E) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water.






Answer: B

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. An outcome of this experiment was to help determine

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Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
An outcome of this experiment was to help determine 







A) the relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms.
B) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration.
C) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released.
D) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis.
E) the relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis.




Answer: D

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?

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Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas? 





A) Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas.
B) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light.
C) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released.
D) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths.
E) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis.






Answer: C

A gardener is concerned that her greenhouse is getting too hot from too much light, and seeks to shade her plants with colored translucent plastic sheets. What color should she use to reduce overall light energy, but still maximize plant growth?

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A gardener is concerned that her greenhouse is getting too hot from too much light, and seeks to shade her plants with colored translucent plastic sheets. What color should she use to reduce overall light energy, but still maximize plant growth? 







A) green
B) blue
C) yellow
D) orange
E) any color will work equally well





Answer: B

Plants photosynthesize only in the light. Plants respire

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Plants photosynthesize only in the light. Plants respire 






A) in the dark only.
B) in the light only.
C) both in light and dark.
D) never–they get their ATP from photophosphorylation.
E) only when excessive light energy induces photorespiration.







Answer: C

If atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase twofold or more, how will plants be affected, disregarding any changes in climate?

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If atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase twofold or more, how will plants be affected, disregarding any changes in climate? 






A) All plants will experience increased rates of photosynthesis.
B) C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will be minimally affected.
C) C4 plants will have faster growth; C3 plants will be minimally affected.
D) C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will have slower growth.
E) Plant growth will not be affected because atmospheric CO2 concentrations are never limiting for plant growth.






Answer: B

Compared to C3 plants, C4 plants

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Compared to C3 plants, C4 plants 





A) can continue to fix CO2 even at relatively low CO2 concentrations and high oxygen concentrations.
B) have higher rates of photorespiration.
C) do not use rubisco for carbon fixation.
D) grow better under cool, moist conditions.
E) make a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate, which is then delivered to the citric acid cycle in mitochondria.






Answer: A

If plant gene alterations cause the plants to be deficient in photorespiration, what would most probably occur?

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If plant gene alterations cause the plants to be deficient in photorespiration, what would most probably occur? 






A) Photosynthetic efficiency would be reduced at low light intensities.
B) Cells would carry on the Calvin cycle at a much slower rate.
C) Less ATP would be generated.
D) There would be more light-induced damage to the cells.
E) Less oxygen would be produced.






Answer: D

The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the C4 or CAM systems are said to be compromises. Why?

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The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the C4 or CAM systems are said to be compromises. Why? 





A) Each one minimizes both water loss and rate of photosynthesis.
B) C4 compromises on water loss and CAM compromises on photorespiration.
C) Both minimize photorespiration but expend more ATP during carbon fixation.
D) CAM plants allow more water loss, while C4 plants allow less CO2 into the plant.
E) C4 plants allow less water loss but CAM plants allow more water loss.







Answer: C

CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they

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CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they 







A) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night.
B) fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells.
C) fix CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells.
D) use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO2.
E) use photosystem I and photosystem II at night.





Answer: A

In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant with radioactive carbon (¹4C) dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The ¹4C is incorporated first into oxaloacetate. The plant is best characterized as a

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In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant with radioactive carbon (¹4C) dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The ¹4C is incorporated first into oxaloacetate. The plant is best characterized as a 






A) C4 plant.
B) C3 plant.
C) CAM plant.
D) heterotroph.
E) chemoautotroph.






Answer: A

The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?

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The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?





A) The pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma.
B) The pH of the stroma is lower than that of the other two measurements.
C) The pH of the stroma is higher than that of the thylakoid space but lower than that of the cytosol.
D) The pH of the thylakoid space is higher than that anywhere else in the cell.
E) There is no consistent relationship.






Answer: A

In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?

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In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle? 






A) addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH
B) inactivation of RuBP carboxylase enzyme
C) regeneration of ATP from ADP
D) regeneration of RuBP
E) regeneration of NADP?






Answer: D

Three "turns" of the Calvin cycle generate a "surplus" molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Which of the following is a consequence of this?

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Three "turns" of the Calvin cycle generate a "surplus" molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Which of the following is a consequence of this? 





A) Formation of a molecule of glucose would require nine "turns."
B) G3P more readily forms sucrose and other disaccharides than it does monosaccharides.
C) Some plants would not taste sweet to us.
D) The formation of sucrose and starch in plants involves assembling G3P molecules, with or without further rearrangements.
E) Plants accumulate and store G3P.






Answer: D

Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

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Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle? 








A) The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP? to the light reactions.
B) The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions.
C) The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP.
D) The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with water to split.
E) There is no relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.






Answer: A

Reactions that require CO2 take place in

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Reactions that require CO2 take place in 





A) the light reactions alone.
B) the Calvin cycle alone.
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle.
E) the chloroplast, but is not part of photosynthesis.





Answer: B

The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from

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The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from 





A) reactions initiated in photosystem I.
B) reactions initiated in photosystem II.
C) the citric acid cycle.
D) glycolysis.
E) oxidative phosphorylation.






Answer: A

In a plant leaf, the reactions that produce NADH occur in

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In a plant leaf, the reactions that produce NADH occur in 





A) the light reactions alone.
B) the Calvin cycle alone.
C) both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle.
E) the chloroplast, but is not part of photosynthesis.







Answer: D

Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of natural selection is based?

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Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin's theory of natural selection is based? 





A) Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring.
B) There is heritable variation among individuals.
C) Because of overproduction of offspring, there is competition for limited resources.
D) Individuals whose inherited characteristics best fit them to the environment will generally produce more offspring.
E) A population can become adapted to its environment over time.





Answer: A

Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal?

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Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal? 







A) brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissue
B) organ system, nervous tissue, brain
C) organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ
D) nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell
E) organ system, tissue, molecule, cell






Answer: D

Use them to answer questions 1 - 4. I. New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy. II. Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment. III. Life requires energy transfer and transformation. IV. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization. V. Cells are an organism's basic units of structure and function. VI. The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA. VII. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems. VIII. Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life.

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Use them to answer questions 1 - 4.
I. New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy.
II. Organisms interact with other organisms and the physical environment.
III. Life requires energy transfer and transformation.
IV. Structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.
V. Cells are an organism's basic units of structure and function.
VI. The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA.
VII. Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems.
VIII. Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life. 


1. Which theme(s) is/are best illustrated by an experiment in which a biologist seeks a medication that will inhibit pain responses in a cancer patient? 




A) II
B) VII
C) III and V
D) V and VIII
E) VI and VII

Answer: B



2.Which theme(s) is/are best illustrated by a group of investigators who are trying to classify and explain the ecology of an area known as the Big Thicket? 

A) I only
B) II only
C) VIII only
D) IV and VI
E) I and II

Answer: E

3. Which theme(s) is/are illustrated when a group of students is trying to establish which phase of cell division in root tips happens most quickly? 

A) IV only
B) V only
C) VII only
D) IV, V, and VI
E) V, VI, and VII

Answer: D

4. Which theme(s) is/are illustrated when a biology class is comparing the rates of photosynthesis between leaves of a flowering plant species (Gerbera jamesonii) and a species of fern (Polypodium polypodioides)? 

A) I only
B) II only
C) I and III
D) I and VII
E) I, III, and V

Answer: E

The students plan to gather data from the project. Which of the following would be the best way to present what they gather from experimental groups as opposed to controls?

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The students plan to gather data from the project. Which of the following would be the best way to present what they gather from experimental groups as opposed to controls? 






A) qualitatively, noting color, size, and so on
B) measuring the number of new colonies formed during every 12-hour period
C) counting the number of new colonies after a week
D) measuring the size of each new colony in millimeters (mm) of length
E) measuring the dry weight of all new colonies in grams





Answer: B

For their second experiment, the students want to know whether the Dinobryon have to live in colonies or can be free living. How might they proceed?

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For their second experiment, the students want to know whether the Dinobryon have to live in colonies or can be free living. How might they proceed? 





A) Observe each day to see whether new organisms are ever reproduced as single cells.
B) Observe whether only specialized cells are able to divide to produce new colonies.
C) Divide a sample into single cells and measure the length of time they remain this way.
D) Divide a sample into single cells and observe them.
E) Divide a sample into single cells and see whether they come back together.






Answer: C

The students decide that for one of their experiments, they want to see whether the organisms can photosynthesize. Which of the following is the best hypothesis?

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The students decide that for one of their experiments, they want to see whether the organisms can photosynthesize. Which of the following is the best hypothesis? 






A) If the Dinobryon can live > 5 days without added food, they must be able to photosynthesize.
B) If the Dinobryon can live without exposure to light for > 5 days, they must be able to photosynthesize.
C) If the Dinobryon photosynthesize, they must need no other minerals or nutrients and will be able to live in distilled water and light alone.
D) If the Dinobryon are kept in the dark, one-half will be expected to die in 5 days.
E) If the Dinobryon are able to photosynthesize, the students should be able to extract photosynthetic pigments.






Answer: E

Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, a variety of subdisciplines, and diverse cultures?

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Why is a scientific topic best discussed by people of varying points of view, a variety of subdisciplines, and diverse cultures? 





A) They can rectify each other's approach to make it truly scientific.
B) Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.
C) Scientists can explain to others that they need to work in isolation to utilize the scientific method more productively.
D) This is another way of making science more reproducible.
E) Scientists need to exchange their ideas with other disciplines and cultures so that all groups are in consensus with the course of future research.





Answer: B

Which of the following best describes a model organism?

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Which of the following best describes a model organism? 





A) It is often pictured in textbooks and easy for students to imagine.
B) It lends itself to many studies that are useful to beginning students.
C) It is well studied, easy to grow, and results are widely applicable.
D) It is small, inexpensive to raise, and lives a long time.
E) It has been chosen for study by the earliest biologists.







Answer: C

In a high school laboratory, which of the following constitutes an experiment? I. learning to use a microscope by examining fixed specimens on slides II. being able to examine swimming protists under a microscope III. extracting pigments from plant leaves and separating the types of pigments for identification IV. preparing root tips for examination by staining them

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In a high school laboratory, which of the following constitutes an experiment?
I. learning to use a microscope by examining fixed specimens on slides
II. being able to examine swimming protists under a microscope
III. extracting pigments from plant leaves and separating the types of pigments for identification
IV. preparing root tips for examination by staining them 






A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) II and III only
E) II, III, and IV






Answer: C

Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?

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Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning? 





A) Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic.
B) These organisms live in sunny parts of this area so they are able to photosynthesize.
C) If horses are always found grazing on grass, they can be only herbivores and not omnivores.
D) If protists are all single-celled, then they are incapable of aggregating.
E) If two species are members of the same genus, they are more alike than each of them could be to a different genus.






Answer: A

Given the cooperativity of science, which of the following is most likely to result in an investigator being intellectually looked down upon by other scientists?

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Given the cooperativity of science, which of the following is most likely to result in an investigator being intellectually looked down upon by other scientists? 






A) Making money as the result of studies in which a new medication is discovered.
B) Doing meticulous experiments that show data that contradict what has been previously reported by the scientific community.
C) Spending most of a lifetime investigating a small and seemingly unimportant organism.
D) Getting negative results from the same set of experiments.
E) Being found to have falsified or created data to better fit a hypothesis.






Answer: E

Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment?

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Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment? 






A) The control group is kept in an unchanging environment.
B) The control is left alone by the experimenters.
C) The control group is matched with the experimental group except for the one experimental variable.
D) The control group is exposed to only one variable rather than several.
E) Only the experimental group is tested or measured.





Answer: C

In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students show that most of their measurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data points are "outliers" and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. What should they do?

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In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students show that most of their measurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data points are "outliers" and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. What should they do? 





A) Do not show these points but write a footnote that the graph represents the correct data.
B) Average several trials and therefore rule out the improbable results.
C) Show all results obtained and then try to explore the reason(s) for these outliers.
D) Throw out this set of data and try again.
E) Change the details of the experiment until they can obtain the expected results.







Answer: C

Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis? I. It is testable. II. It is falsifiable. III. It produces quantitative data. IV. It produces results that can be replicated.

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Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis?
I. It is testable.
II. It is falsifiable.
III. It produces quantitative data.
IV. It produces results that can be replicated. 




A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II
E) III and IV




Answer: D

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?

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Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? 




A) The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of, the group in which the researcher predetermines the results.
B) The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects.
C) A control group is required for the development of an "If…then" statement.
D) A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable.
E) Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested.




Answer: E

A controlled experiment is one in which

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A controlled experiment is one in which 







A) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.
B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data.
C) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.
D) there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables.
E) there is one group for which the scientist controls all variables.






Answer: C

Collecting data based on observation is an example of ________; analyzing this data to reach a conclusion is an example of ________ reasoning.

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Collecting data based on observation is an example of ________; analyzing this data to reach a conclusion is an example of ________ reasoning. 





A) hypothesis-based science; inductive
B) the process of science; deductive
C) discovery science; inductive
D) descriptive science; deductive
E) hypothesis-based science; deductive







Answer: C

The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known as

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The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known as 






A) hypothesis-based science.
B) discovery science.
C) experimental science.
D) quantitative science.
E) qualitative science.






Answer: B

Why is the theme of evolution considered to be the core theme of biology by biologists?

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Why is the theme of evolution considered to be the core theme of biology by biologists? 





A) It provides a framework within which all biological investigation makes sense.
B) It is recognized as the core theme of biology by organizations such as the National Science Foundation.
C) Controversy about this theory provides a basis for a great deal of experimental research.
D) Since it cannot be proven, biologists will be able to study evolutionary possibilities for many years.
E) Biologists do not subscribe to alternative models.






Answer: A

Similarities and differences among/between life-forms over time are most efficiently recorded by scientists in which field(s) of study?

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Similarities and differences among/between life-forms over time are most efficiently recorded by scientists in which field(s) of study? 






A) paleontology
B) paleontology and anatomy
C) paleontology, anatomy, and taxonomy
D) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, and genetics
E) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, genetics, and ecology








Answer: E

According to Darwinian theory, which of the following exhibits the greatest fitness for evolutionary success?

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According to Darwinian theory, which of the following exhibits the greatest fitness for evolutionary success? 





A) the species with the longest life
B) the individuals within a population that have the greatest reproductive success
C) the phylum with members that occupy the greatest number of habitats
D) the community of organisms that is capable of living in the most nutrient-poor biome
E) the organism that produces its own nutrients most efficiently






Answer: B

What are archaea?

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What are archaea? 





A) Prokaryotes characterized as extremophiles that share some bacterial and some eukaryotic traits.
B) Organisms that are adapted to high temperature environments, such as in volcanic springs.
C) Single-celled organisms that are killed by the application of antibiotics at certain concentrations.
D) Bacteria-like organisms that can live only in extreme salt environments.
E) Primitive protist-like creatures possessing fewer than two chromosomes per cell.






Answer: A

Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?

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Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking? 





A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.








Answer: D

Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species?

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Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species? 





A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The book's authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.







Answer: C

What is the major difference between a kingdom and a domain?

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What is the major difference between a kingdom and a domain? 






A) A kingdom can include several subgroups known as domains.
B) All eukarya belong to one domain.
C) All prokaryotes belong to one domain.
D) The importance of fungi has led scientists to make them the whole of one domain.
E) Only organisms that produce their own food belong to one of the domains.





Answer: B

Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by

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Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by 





A) natural philosophy.
B) creationism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.







Answer: D

In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will

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In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will 






A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
E) rapidly increase.





Answer: B

Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?

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Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense? 






A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce







Answer: B

Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess

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Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess 





A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.







Answer: D

Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?

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Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? 





A) It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success.
E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success.






Answer: E

A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?

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A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism? 






A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi







Answer: E

Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing CO2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?

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Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing CO2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem? 





A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem.
B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats.
C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance.
D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas.
E) Recycle as much as possible.






Answer: D

When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of A) catalytic feedback B) positive feedback C) negative feedback D) bioinformatic regulation E) protein-protein interactions Answer: C

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When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of 





A) catalytic feedback
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) bioinformatic regulation
E) protein-protein interactions








Answer: C

Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?

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Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation? 






A) a bioinformatic system
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) feedback inhibition
E) enzymatic catalysis





Answer: B


To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?

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To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology? 







A) evolution
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
E) feedback regulation





Answer: C
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